Documents

Interactive Electronyc Atlas Kaspia

Атлас Каспийского моря – это комплексное картографическое произведение. Содержит информацию о физико-географических характеристиках водного объекта и прилегающей территории. Каспийское море является самым крупным в мире водоёмом, не соединяющимся с Мировым океаном. Оно расположено на южной границе Азии и Европы, омывает берега России, Казахстана, Туркмении, Ирана и Азербайджана. Хотя это бессточное солоноватое озеро, но из-за размеров, своеобразия природных условий и сложности гидрологических процессов Каспий принято относить к классу замкнутых внутриматериковых морей.

Это уникальный водоём и по своей геологической истории, и по той роли, которую он играет в жизни народов, населяющих его берега. За свою историю Каспийское море неоднократно меняло размеры и глубины, пока не приняло современный облик. Различные исследования этого водоёма ведутся постоянно.

Популярность Каспия как объекта исследования заключается как в его уникальности, так и в высоком природно-ресурсном потенциале акватории и прилегающей территории. Ввиду наличия множества данных о состоянии водного объекта, возникает необходимость в систематизации сбора, хранения, анализа и визуализации разнотипной информации.

Атласное картографирование – это традиционный способ хранения и визуализации информации, широко применяющийся во всех отраслях науки и глубоко укоренившийся в сознании общества с давних времён. Взаимодействие сложившихся принципов картографии с Интернетом способствуют формированию новых способов эффективной передачи информации, доступа к глобальным ресурсам, а также внедрению собственных массивов геопространственных данных.

некоторые карты Каспия по разным тематикам

There has been considerable focus on developing oil spill preparedness in the Caspian Sea region. This has involved the governments, regional bodies, the oil industry and a range of other stakeholders and international organizations (notably UNEP, IMO and OSCE). This effort is in addition to the primary focus on preventing spills.

The Tehran Convention’s Aktau Protocol is anticipated to enter into force during 2015. This will lead to the consideration of an appropriate regional mechanism for cooperation, with operational coordination enacted through the finalization and implementation of the Caspian Sea Plan Concerning Regional Co- operation in Combating Oil Pollution in Cases of Emergency.

Countries are developing and implementing National Contingency Plans in order to have effective national response systems, which also act as the basis for regional cooperation. Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan present examples of on-going progress in this area. The oil industry is playing an active role in these national planning developments, in alignment to the requirements of the OPRC Convention, the Emergency Protocol and the Aktau Protocol. 

Sampling was conducted from the vessel Svetlomor 2 by personnel from AmC, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources (MENR) and SOCAR. Sediment samples for physical and chemical analysis consisted of 2 replicates, while 3 replicates were taken for biological analyses. Analyses were carried out at AmC Caspian Environmental Laboratory.

The sediment characteristics and metal concentrations around Chirag were found to be highly variable within and between stations, with generally little change being observed from 2008. Despite the detection footprint remaining unchanged from previous years, LAO concentrations continue to reduce. THC and PAH concentrations were generally low, with the highest concentrations being recorded at stations directly to the northeast of the platform.

Ba concentrations were highest within the LAO contamination footprint, suggesting the higher concentrations to be the result of historical drilling discharges. As observed on previous years the concentration of Cd was also highest within this area. The LAO and Ba footprint, indicating the extent of contamination from platform drilling discharges was found to extend 1250m NE, 500m N, 750m E, 1000m W and 250m S of the Chirag platform position.

The 2010 macrobenthic community was numerically dominated by polychaetes and amphipods.

Abundance and species richness were highest at stations on the periphery of the survey area and decreased towards the platform. The lowest abundance an taxonomic richness were found at stations within the LAO and Ba footprint, with the sparsest communities being present at stations directly to the northeast of the platform. Despite a continual reduction in hydrocarbon concentrations from 2006, a general reduction in abundance and taxonomic richness has been observed at the Chirag survey area from 2000 to 2008. This negative trend has reversed in 2010, with a survey wide increase in annelid abundance and amphipod abundance and taxonomic richness being observed. No distinct change in the physicochemical characteristics has been observed between 2008 and 2010 that can be attributed to the abrupt reversal of these trends.

No additional physicochemical impacts from operational activities have been observed between 2008 and 2010 and in general contamination levels continue to reduce