Protocol on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context enters into force

We are pleased to announce that the Islamic Republic of Iran ratified the Protocol on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (the “EIA Protocol") and it enters into force on 18 November 2025.

The Protocol on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in a Transboundary Context provides a practical framework for the Caspian littoral states to evaluate the potential environmental effects of major economic projects before they begin. It applies to activities like large-scale industrial development, pipeline construction, and offshore operations that risk affecting the shared marine environment across borders. The process is built on notification, consultation, and public participation, ensuring that all relevant parties are informed and have a chance to provide input.

This agreement reflects a shared understanding that cooperation and early assessment are useful tools for managing the Caspian Sea's environment. It offers a structured way for the countries to share information and discuss projects that could have cross-border effects. The start of its implementation provides a common basis for the five littoral states to work together on supporting development while considering the condition of the Caspian ecosystem.

The EIA Protocol is the third Protocol to the Tehran Convention to enter into force. The first two protocols are the Protocol Concerning Regional Preparedness, Response and Co-operation in Combating Oil Pollution Incidents (the Aktau Protocol) and the Protocol for the Protection of the Caspian Sea against Pollution from Land-based Sources and Activities (the Moscow Protocol), which entered into force in 2016 and 2023 respectfully. Negotiations are also currently underway for the fifth Protocol to the Tehran Convention on Monitoring, Assessment and Information Exchange.