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The paper is presented by the author in her personal capacity and opinions expressed in this paper should be attributed to the author.  They are not mean to represent the positions or opinions of the UNEP or the State Parties to the Framework Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea.

The Caspian Sea is the largest completely enclosed body of salt water in the world and constitutes a particularly fragile ecosystem. It contains great fishery resources, including 90% of the world’s stock of sturgeon, as well as vast oil and gas deposits in the subsoil. It is crossed by important transportation routes connecting Europe and Central Asia. For much of the twentieth century it was within the exclusive domain of Iran and the USSR, with the latter enjoying naval dominance. With the collapse of the Soviet Union the geopolitical situation in the region changed significantly. Instead of two, there are currently five riparian states – Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan – each filing differing legal claims.

Беркуты населяют почти всю Евразию, за исключением юга и юго-востока, саванны Африки, значительную часть территории Канады, США и Мексики. В Туркменистане беркут встречается практически повсеместно, но избегает близкого соседства с человеком и его численность в последние годы, как и везде по ряду причин, к сожалению, сокращается. Вид включен в Красный список МСОП (2009), Красную книгу Туркменистана (2011), список CITES (2011).

Сборник включает 411 тезисов пленарных, симпозиальных и постерных сообщений, а также материалов круглых столов, представленных на XV Международную орнитологическую конференцию Северной Евразии (Минск, 2020). Рассматриваются общие и частные вопросы орнитологии, разрабатываемые учёными из 23 стран Северной Евразии. Представлены результаты исследований по динамике численности и демографии популяций, изменению ареалов видов, региональным фаунам птиц. Обсуждаются вопросы систематики, морфологии, физиологии, оологии, поведения, палеорнитологии, биоакустики, синантропизации птиц и антропогенного воздействия на них, актуальные проблемы охраны видов и популяций, мониторинга сообществ птиц на ООПТ, а также перспективы использования Атласа птиц европейской части России. Освещены проблемы и достижения в области ресурсной, медицинской и любительской орнитологии. Предназначено для широкого круга специалистов и любителей, занимающихся изучением и охраной птиц и их местообитаний.

Настоящая монография посвящена международным экологическим договорам, участником которых является Туркменистан. В ней рассматриваются международная и национальная политика в области окружающей среды и устойчивого развития, международные обязательства страны по экологическим конвенциям и договорам, а также правовые инструменты и институциональные механизмы, обеспечивающие выполнение этих международно-правовых документов. Монография представлена на туркменском и русском языках.

Marine litter, including plastic and microplastic, is a global concern affecting all the oceans and seas of the world. It poses environmental, economic, health and aesthetic problems that are rooted in poor solid waste management practices, lack of infrastructure, indiscriminate human activities and behaviours and an inadequate understanding on the part of the public of the potential consequences of their actions. Development of the Caspian Marine Litter Action Plan is embodied in the Moscow Protocol against pollution from land-based sources. 

The preparation of the draft Caspian Regional Marine Litter Action Plan (CRMLAP) was undertaken by the national experts from the Caspian Sea littoral states and an international expert. For that purpose, five National Experts were contracted to provide their national inputs and contributions for the development of the Caspian Marine Litter Action Plan where the International Expert fully facilitates the development of the Caspian Marine Litter Action Plan.

В данной работе рассмотрена методика создания распределен-ной геоинформационной системы (на основе WEB технологий) для наблюдений экологического состояния прибрежных территорий аква-тории казахстанской части Каспийского моря. ГИС использует данные аэро-космосъемки, картографических и аналитических данных.

Каспийй теңізінде ауланған балықтардың 15 түрін ихтиопатологиялық зерттеу нәтижелері бойынша Anisakidae тұқымдасы жататын Anisakis, Contracaecum,Porrocecum тоғышарларының жаппай таралуы анықталады. 

статья КазНУ Вестник

This Regional Water Quality Monitoring Programme has been developed as part of the project “Caspian Water Quality Monitoring and Action Plan for Areas of Pollution Concern’s (Caspian MAP)”. This project has been financed by the Tacis Programme of the European Union (EU) which amongst others promotes regional co-operation on environmental protection. On of the main objectives of the Caspian MAP is to support the Caspian Environment Programme (CEP), which is a partnership between the five littoral states - Azerbaijan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation and Turkmenistan, and International Partners like EU, UNDP, UNEP, and the World Bank. The CEP's mission is to assist the Caspian littoral states to achieve the goal of environmentally sustainable development and management of the Caspian environment for the sake of long-term benefit for the Caspian inhabitants.

The Regional Pollution Action Plan for the Caspian Sea (RPAP), has been prepared as part of the project “Caspian Water Quality Monitoring and Action Plan for Areas of Pollution Concern’s (hereafter: Caspian MAP)”. The project is financed by the Tacis Programme of the European Union (EU), which has as one of its objectives the promotion of regional co-operation on environmental protection. The overall objective of the Caspian MAP is to achieve improved quality of the marine and coastal environment of the Caspian Sea. In particular, the RPAP (current Report) provides recommendations to regional strategies for pollution reduction, with a focus on the identified Areas of Pollution Concern. The Caspian MAP also developed a proposal for a Regional Water Quality Monitoring Program.

Daily extractions of crude oil and gas and transportation of them are the main pollution sources of the Caspian Sea. Many trucks for charring oil from ports along the Caspian Sea are considered as point and nonpoint sources along the seaboard. In addition, many ships, which are navigating in the Sea, are emitting pollution to the Sea. Many cities and industries surround the Caspian Sea. Pollution from these cities and industries enter the Caspian Sea either directly or through rivers. The purpose of this paper is to look at the benefits of environmental management strategies in pollution prevention such as waste minimization and clean technologies. This minimizes the environmental problems due to waste generation and eliminates the cost of treatment and disposal of the waste. The benefits of the environmental management program along the Caspian Sea will ensure the clean water and the better environment of the Sea. 

The calculations were made using the MARKAL modeling tool and were based on strategic development plans for different economic sectors. The Communication assesses electricity saving potential in respect of energy efficiency and lower carbon intensity. It also reflects the possible costs related to GHG emissions reduction measures in all economic sectors.

For the first time in Kazakhstan we have analysed the influence of climate change on forests and human health, as well as the data on mudflow activity and the change in glaciers. For climate change calculations, we used the data of the hottest decade (1995- 2005) combined with unified WMO methodology and climate change indices. Climate change scenaria were developed using the most recent ocean-atmosphere circulation models.

Nurgali Ashimov
Minister of Environment Protection Republic of Kazakhstan